CBR is an applicate layer component that generates constant traffic during the simulation. This picture shows the inport and outport of this component.
#ifndef cbr_h #define cbr_h #include <vector> |
Before building the CBR component, we must first have a structure that contains all data structures and types used by the CBR component. We have to use a separate class @CBR_Struct for this purpose, because CompC++ doesn't allow any intenally defined classes and types to be accessed from outside. For instance, if CBR is a component that defines a packet type packet_t, we cannot use CBR::packet_t to refer to packet_t.
struct CBR_Struct
{
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Here we define the packet we will be using in the application layer. Each packet contains the source address, the destination address, the size of the packet, and the time the packet is sent by its source.
struct packet_t
{
ether_addr_t src_addr;
ether_addr_t dst_addr;
int data_size;
simtime_t send_time;
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The dump() function prints out the detailed information about the packet. Two versions are required, one taking no argument and the other taking a string. The former is called within the application layer, while the latter is called from other layers.
std::string dump() const
{
char buffer[50];
sprintf(buffer,"%d %d %d",(int)src_addr,(int)dst_addr,data_size);
return buffer;
}
void dump(std::string& str) const { str=dump();}
};
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A connection is specified by the destination address, the size of CBR packets, and the interval between two consecutive sends. A CBR component may have multiple connections, so we use a vector to store them.
typedef triple<ether_addr_t,int,double> connection_t;
std::vector<connection_t> Connections;
};
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Now we can build the CBR component. It must be derived from TypeII, as it is a time-aware component in our simulation component classification. It must also be derived from CBR_Struct, as it is dependent on data strutures and types defined in CBR_Struct. Notice that both TypeII and CBR_Struct are classes, not components. In fact, in the current version of CompC++ a component cannot be subclassed from any other component.
component CBR : public TypeII, public CBR_Struct
{
public:
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Inports and outports are declared here. Although from the names of ports you may think that a CBR component must be linked to a transport layer component, it is not absolutely necessary. The CBR component can be linked to any lower layer component, provided their inports and outport are compatible.
To send out a packet, the CBR component must tell the transport layer component (or any layer below) the content of the packet, the destination, and the size. The receive a packet, only the packet content is needed.
outport void to_transport (packet_t & packet, ether_addr_t & dst, unsigned int size); inport inline void from_transport ( packet_t & pkt); |
The CBR component needs to periodically schedule events at specified interval to sent out packets, so we must use a timer. Although each CBR component may have multiple connections, we just need to have one MultiTimer, since a MultiTimer can schedule multiple events. trigger_t is specified as the type of the timer, since we don't need to store anything into the scheduled events.
MultiTimer < trigger_t > connection_timer;
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This inport is to be connected with an outport, named to_component, of the MultiTimer. The second argument returns the slot as which the event was scheduled
inport inline void create(trigger_t& t, int i);
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Here we declare several component parameters. MyEtherAddr is the ethernet address of this component. DumpPackets indicates whether or not the packet content is dumped if a macro COST_DEBUG is defined. FinishTime specifies a time after which the CBR component won't be active, i.e., it won't create more packets; this gives the network a chance to clean up packets in transit, forcing packets sent earlier to reach their destinations.
ether_addr_t MyEtherAddr;
bool DumpPackets;
double FinishTime;
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These variables keep track of the numbers of packets sent and received, and the total delay, respectively.
long SentPackets, RecvPackets;
double TotalDelay;
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These three functions are required by every components. Start() will be called when the simulation is started, Stop() when the simulation is stopped, Setup() when the simulation is being set up.
CBR();
virtual ~CBR();
void Start();
void Stop();
};
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Here we connect the timer with the inport create.
CBR::CBR()
{
connect connection_timer.to_component, create;
}
CBR::~CBR()
{
}
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In this function, variables are initialized and initial events are scheduled. A MultiTimer can schedule multiple events, distinguished by the slot index (this second argument).
void CBR::Start()
{
SentPackets=RecvPackets=0l;
TotalDelay=0.0;
for(unsigned int i=0;i<Connections.size();i++)
{
connection_timer.Set(Random(Connections[i].third),i);
}
}
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This function collects and/or prints statistics.
void CBR::Stop()
{
/*if(RecvPackets!=0)
printf("%s : average delay: %f\n",GetName(), TotalDelay/RecvPackets);*/
}
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A new packet arrives from the transport layer.
void CBR::from_transport(packet_t& p)
{
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The Printf statement will be executed only if a macro, COST_DEBUG, is defined, and if the first argument, DumpPackets, is true. If COST_DEBUG is not defined, this statement will not appear in the executable.
Printf((DumpPackets,"receives %s\n",p.dump().c_str()));
if(p.dst_addr==MyEtherAddr)
{
RecvPackets++;
TotalDelay += SimTime() - p.send_time;
}
else
{
printf("cbr %d received a packet destined for %d\n",
(int)MyEtherAddr,(int)p.dst_addr);
}
}
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It is time to send out a packet. The second argument of this function tells the slot index of the active event. This slot index can also identify which connection is associated with the active event. We must remember to schedule the next event, using the same slot index.
void CBR::create(trigger_t&, int index)
{
if(SimTime()>FinishTime) return;
packet_t p;
p.data_size=Connections[index].second + 2*ether_addr_t::LENGTH;
p.dst_addr=Connections[index].first;
p.src_addr=MyEtherAddr;
p.send_time=SimTime();
Printf((DumpPackets,"sends %s\n",p.dump().c_str()));
to_transport(p,p.dst_addr,p.data_size);
SentPackets++;
connection_timer.Set(SimTime()+Connections[index].third,index);
}
#endif /* cbr_h*/
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